Thermostatic temperature and flow control valve



R. w. JENSEN 2,516,390

ERATURE AND FLOW con'moz. VALVE July 25, 1950 TaERMosTATIb TEMP 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug.

INVENTOR. RAYMOND W. JENSEN ATTORNEY July 25, 1950 R. w. JENSEN 2,515,390

THERMOSTATIC TEMPERATURE AND FLOW CONTROL VALVE Filed Aug. 27, 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

RAYMOND W. JENSEN ATTORNEY y 1950 R. w. JENSEN 2,516,390

THERMOSTATIC TEMPERATURE AND FLOW CONTROL VALVE Filed Aug. 27, 1945 4 Sheet's-Sheet 3 INVENTOR. RAYMON W. JENSEN ATTO RNEY July 25, 1950 R. w. JENSEN 2,516,390

THERMOSTATIC TEMPERATURE AND FLOW CONTROL VALVE Filed Aug. 27, 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet a I N 8 m m In w l I l l m m 8 Q o m m a) o m o 2 N cn k/ g a 0) 5 INVENTOR. RAYMOND JENSEN ATTORNEY Patented July 25, 1950 THERMOSTATIC TEMPERATURE AND FLOW CONTROL VALVE Raymond W. Jensen, Los Angeles, Calif., assignor to The Garrett Corporation, Alresearch Manuiacturing Company division, Los Angeles, Calif a corporation of California Application August 27,1945, Serial No. 612ml? 6 Claims.

This invention relates to the control of a flow of liquid through a cooler having heat exchange means for cooling the liquid and having a warm up bypass for bypassing the heated liquid in such a manner as to relieve excess pressure and to warm up the heat exchange means when congealment tends to occur therein. The invention is particularly useful in the control of the flow of lubricating oil through an oil cooler employed in regulating the temperature and viscosity of lubricating at. for aircraft engines. A primary function of each a cooler is to remove excess heat from the oil as it comes from the engine in a heated condition and to return the oil to the engine in a proper condition of fluidityand viscosity. An aircraft oil cooler must be capable of faithfully carrying out this function when the temperature of the atmosphere is high (placing a high cooling load on the cooler) and when the temperature of the atmosphere is extremely low (giving rise to the problem of congealment of the oil against the walls of the heat exchange passages of the cooler). It must be capable of handling not only mild variations in temperature, but also such extremes of temperature change. In general, there have been two lines of development of apparatus for handling these problems. One method of attack is to utilize thermostatic control of the flow of a coolant (usually air) through the cooler so as to reduce the cooling efiect when atmospheric temperature drops. But it is also highly desirable to utilize thermostatic control of the oil circulation through the cooler in connection with suitable means for bypassing a portion or all of the oil around the cooler core when oil viscosity becomes too great, in order to relieve the core of the excessive pressures which are developed as the result of excessive viscosity, and at the same time to reduce the cooling efl'ect and to permit the temperature of the oil to rise.

But even further measures are usually considered highly desirable if not essential to the proper control of oil temperature under widely varying conditions. It is possible for the temperature to drop so rapidly as to reach a low stage such that the thickening of the oil is not arrested even where all of the oil is bypassed through a warm up jacket, and it may become necessary to bypass some of the oil directly from the cooler inlet to the cooler outlet or externally of the cooler so as .to relieve the warm up jacket as well as the cooler core of excessive pressure. Necessity for such bypassing may also arise from sudden surges at the cooler inlet. In connection 2 with such bypassing, it is desirable to isolate the core from the high inlet pressure. The present invention contemplates a control mechanism adapted to handle all of these problems and yet of a simple and compact construction and arrangement.

A particular object of the invention is to provide a combined temperature responsive and excess pressure responsive. valve mechanism which is incorporated in an oil cooler control head of minimum height. To this end, the invention provides an arrangement wherein the thermostatic valve unit and the surge valve unit are mounted on a common axis so that the surge valve unit does not project above the general top of the control head as it does in earlier structures of this general class.

A further object of the invention is to provide an oil cooler having an oil control mechanism including a thermo-responsive control so arranged as to provide maximum accuracy of response by the thermostat to temperature conditions in the cooler. Specifically, the invention aims to avoid any independent control of the thermostat by oil passing through the warm up bypass. When the core commences to congeal, the flow through the warm up bypass is augmented and this flow is at a higher temperature than the flow through the core because of the fact that the oil is not cooled appreciably in going through the bypass. If the thermostat is permitted to respond to thisrelatively hot oil flowing through the bypass at a time when the oil flowing through the core is tending to congeal, the eflect upon the oil flow control valve will be to tend to concentrate the flow through the core and to cut off the flow through the bypass, which is exactly the opposite to what is required for curing the congealment condition. Accordingly, it is important that any independent control of the thermostat by the bypasing oil be avoided. The invention accomplishes this result by providing an arrangement wherein the thermostat is washed by the combined streams of oil from the core and from the bypass, and in which these streams are thoroughly mixed before they reach the thermostat. In this respect the invention contemplates an arrangement wherein the division of oil flows between the core and warm up bypass is made at the inlet of the cooler but is controlled by temperature response at the outlet.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved temperature responsive valve unit of a type employing an expansible'wax or equivalent material as the thermo-responsive means.

Further objects and advantages oi the invention will be brought out in the following part 01' the specification.

Referring to the drawings which are for innstrative purposes only:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation, partially in axial section, of an oil cooler embodying the invention, taken as indicated by the line of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view of the same taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the cooler with the control head removed Fig. 4 is an axial sectional view through a control head embodying my improved Vernet type thermo-responsive valve unit.

As an example of one form in which the invention may be embodied I have shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 an aircraft oil cooler embodying a core I, a control head M, an inlet duct |2 extending from the control head H to an inlet port I! in the shell ll of the core l9, and a combined outlet duct and warm up bypass ii.

The heat exchange core |l includes a plurality of babies l5, H, l8, I9, 25, 2|, 22, and 23 extendn from end to end of the cooler core and in planes inclined at an acute angle to the vertical axial plane of the core and head, Between the bames |5--2l and'the shell i4 is defined a plurality of rectangular compartments also extending from end to end or the cooler core and each filled with a bundle 01' heat exchange tubes 24. The tubes 24 and baiiles l5-22 are assembled to form the core I. with the ends of the tubes 24 confined within a spacer ring 25. The spacer ring 25 provides an enlarged annular space he- 4 and ports 36 and 21 extending through its other side from the openings 93 and 34 to the respective'sides of the warm up Jacket |5. The inlet duct l2 and warm up jacket H! are each 01' inverted channel construction, having a marginal flange 25 which is joined to the outer surface of the shell l4 as by brazing and having and edges Joined in a similar manner to the side faces of the collar 30. The control head casing 3| has tween the periphery of the core l0 and the inner surface of the shell M, such annular space being broken up by the baiiles "-22 into a plurality oi' longitudinally extending free fiow passages. The baflles l6-29 are provided with ports and 21 at their respective ends, the ports in the bailies II, ll, 24, and 22 being disposed at one end or the core and the ports in the baflles H, II, 2|,

and 22 being disposed at the other end or the core, whereby the compartments between the baiiles are joined to form a tortuous passage for the now 01' oil through the cooler. The ports 21 are each bounded on one side by the shell l4, whereby the free flow" spaces between the periphery oi the core and the inner surface of the shell are joined together to form a continuous .i'ree flow passage from the inlet ports to the outlet port.

The tubes 24 are provided with expanded hexagonal ends 28 which are joined together and to the ring 25, as by brazing, to form ends in the core. A coolant, such as air, is adapted to pass through the tubes 24, and the fluid to be cooled, such as lubricating oil, is adapted to flow in the spaces between the tubes 24, through the tortuous flow passage previously described. The oil enters the core at the core inlet l2 and is discharged into the outlet side of the warm up jacket l5,

Secured to the top of the shell I4 is a flange or collar 30 having a flat finished upper surface, against which the control head casing 2| is fitted and secured, as by means of cap screws lla. The flange 30 (Fig. 3) is provided with a core inlet opening 32, a warm up jacket inlet opening 33, and a common outlet opening 24 extending vertically therethrough, and with a port 25 extending through one side, from the opening 32 to the inlet duct I2 (Figs. 2 and 3),

a pair of inlet openings 4| in its respective side walls near one end thereof and a pair of outlet openings 42 in its respective side walls near the other end thereof. One set of openings 4| and 42 are connected to inlet and outlet couplings 43, while the other set of openings 4| and 42 are closed by caps 44. By providing duplicate sets 01' inlet and outlet openings, it becomes possible to attach the cooler to a fluid system with the fluid lines coming into whichever side of the cooler is most desirable for the particular installation. The openings 4| are axially aligned and the same is true of the openings 42. The openings 4| communicate with an inlet chamber 45 .and the openings 42 communicate with an outlet chamber 48, in the control head housing 3|. The inlet chamber 45 is defined between the side walls of the casing 3|, a pair of intermediate horizontal walls 47 and 48 generally parallel to the top wall 49, and a pair oi. transverse partition walls 52 and 5| joining the side walls and the walls 41 and 48. The outlet chamber 45 is defined between the top wall 49, the side walls, the bottom wall 52, an end wall 53 and a transverse partition wall 54 which joins the side walls, the bottom wall 52, and the intermediate horizontal wall 45.

Between the inlet chamber 45 and the outlet chamber 45, arranged in the order named, are a pair of valve chambers 55 and 56. These chambers are separated by a partition wall 51 joining the side walls and intermediate wall 48 of the easing 2| and are defined between the side walls and the walls 45, 5|, 54, and 51.

The walls 41 and 48 are joined to the end wall 52 of the casing 3|, in which there is provided a cylindrical bore 59. The bore 59 communicates through the inlet chamber 45 with a port 55 in the wall 50. A direct bypass passage 5| extends from the bore 59 to the outlet chamber 45, being defined between the walls 48, 49, 5|, and 55, and the side walls of the casing 3 I. Slidably mounted in the bore 59 and normally closing on the end oi the passage 5| adjacent the bore 59 is a pressure relief valve 62. The valve 62 has a frustoconical valve face 99 which is normally urged into seating engagement with a valve seat defined at the perimeter of the port 50 in the wall 50, yielding pressure being supplied by a spring 64 engaged between the valve 62 and a cage 65 secured to the end wall 58 of the casing 3|.

The valve 52 carries a stem 66 which extends through the chamber 45 and a port 51 in the wall 5|. Mounted on the stem 65 and cooperating with the port 51 is a core protection valve 58.

Mounted in an opening 69 in the end wall 59 is the base portion ill oi. a thermo-responsive valve unit (I which includes a bi-metailic coil 12 controlling the movement of a valve head 13 which cooperates with a port I4 within the wall 51. The valve unit includes a flange 15 which closes an opening 16 in the wall 54 through which the valve unit projects. The head 13 is connected to the body of the valve unit by a bellows TI. The valve unit H is constructed in accordance with the disclosure contained in my application, Serial No.

5 605,490, filed July 17, 1945, .now Patent No. 2,512,800, dated June 27, 1950.

The chamber 55 is connected to the core inlet opening 02, It is adapted to be connected to the chamber 56 by yielding or opening movement of the valve I3, the chamber 58 being connected to the bypass inlet opening 30. The outlet chamber 4 06 is connected to the common outlet 80 when an outlet check valve 18 is opened. It is also connected to the outlet port 02. The chamber 45 is connected to the inlet port III.

In the operation of the device oil flowing into the control head inlet chamber from the inlet ii will normally flow past the open valve 80 into the chamber 55 which forms a junction between the chambers and 55. When the temperature of the oil is at a normal level the thermo-responsive valve head It will be closed against the port It and the oil will be routed from the chamber 05 through the inlet ports 32 and 05 and then through the inlet duct I2 into the core. It will then pursue a tortuous path through the core I0, leaving the same by way of the outlet 29 and the outlet portion of the warm up jacket I0. From the packet I0, the oil will pass through the outlet ports 31 and 00, past the outlet check valve It and into the outlet chamber at, where it will wash the thermo-responsive coil It! to determine the position of the valve l3.

In the event the temperature of the outfiowing oil drops below a predetermined level, the valve head It will respond with opening movement, permitting a portion of the oil to be bypassed throu h the port It, chamber 50, ports 33 and 06, into the bypass jacket I5. The jacket It has an intermediate region indented and attached to the wall 6 jacket It, even though the thermostat is calling for th /closed position of the valve head II.

The invention has the advantage of reducing the height of the control head 3I by mounting the valves II and 62 and 83 on a common horizontal axis in contrast to previous arrangements,

wherein the surge valve has been disposed on a vertical axis and the thermo-responsive valve on an inclined axis. Communication between the of the shell It, the indented portion having an axially extending arm 00 and a circumferentially extendin arm 8i joining the arm 80 to the collar member 30. The bottom of the indented portion is jointed to the outer surface of the shell It. This indented portion of the jacket forms a bafile around which the oil is forced to take a path carrying it across substantially the full length of the cooler shell before it reaches the outlet 8?.

It may be noted at this point that the warm up jacket I5 covers one side of each of the compartments defined between the bailies I0-20 and that the remainder of these compartments, defined between the bafiles 20-23 are covered by the control head. Thus the entire area of one side of each compartment is in heat relation to the path of flow of warm up oil in the warm up jacket I5. This stimulates the thawin of a congealed cooler by liquefying the oil in the free flow spaces on the sides of the core compartments, and initiating a flow in the tortuous free fiow passage formed collectively by these free flow spaces.

The amount of bypassing through the warm up jacket I5 will depend upon the extent of opening of the valve head I3. In the event of congealment, th pressure in the inlet chamber 45 may rise to a point where the valve 03 is forced to a position establishing communication between the chamber 45 and the direct bypass GI, at the same time closing the valve 68. Thus the incoming oil is bypassed directly to the discharge chamber 46 and flow to the inlets of the cooler and warm up jacket is cut off by the check valve 68. The same results may occur in the event of a sudden surge of pressure at the inlet. Excessive pressure in the chamber 55, inadequate to cause the surge valve to operate but suflicient to cause the valve head I3 to yield, may be relieved through the bypass chamber 65 and the port 32 is provided for by a space 83 below the partition wall 41 and above the bottom plane of the control head. The wall 0'! is inclined downwardly andto the left as viewed in Fig. 1 to meet the area of the collar 00 lying between the ports 32 and 33.

In the form of the invention shown in Fig. 4, the thermo-responsive valve unit Ila includes a tubular shell 9i having an end portion 02 mounted in an opening 69a in the end wall 53a. Fitted into the shell 0| is a bushing in which is slidably mounted the head 00 of a valve rod 00. Secured by means of a threaded stud 0V to the head 0% is a casing 90 in which is secured a flanged head 99 of a sleeve I00. Bonded to the inner face of the head 99 is a diaphragm IOI of rubber or the like (e. g., neoprene) which is formed integrally with the rubber plug I02 extending into the bore I03 of the sleeve I00. -Also, mounted in the bore I03 for axial sliding movement relative to the sleeve I00, is a piston pin I0 5. The inner end of the pin ltd abuts the plug I02 and the outer end of the pin I00 abuts a cap I05 which is threaded at I00 onto a nipple I0I formed on the end member 02 of the shell 9i.

Confined between the diaphragm or gasket WI and the end wall of the cup 00 is a thermo-responsive body of material such as expansible wax or other thermo-responsive material, indicate at I08.

0n the stem 00 is mounted a valve head I09 which cooperates with the port I0. A spring H0 is engaged between the valve head I09 and the washer III, the latter being normally seated against a shoulder H2 defined between the head 90 and the stem 05. Threaded onto the outer end of the stem is a stop nut IIB against which the valve head I09 normally rests.

In the operation of the valve unit shown in Fig. 4, a rise in temperature will cause the thermo-responsive material I00 to expand. pushing the plug I02 outwardly in the bore I03 and projecting the pin I04. Since the pin I00 is abutted against the cap I05, the expansive force will be manifested in the reactive movement of the sleeve I00 and cup 98 toward the left as viewed in Fig. 4. This will cause the stem 05 and valve head I09 to be projected toward closed relation to the port IE.

With the valve head I00 closed against the port I4, excess pressure may be relieved by yielding of the spring I I0 enough to permit the valve head I09 to open. The position of the thermo-responsive part in this action will remain unchanged.

A reduction in temperature will result in contraction of the thermo-responsive material I08, permitting a spring II5 to move the cup 98 and sleeve I00 toward the right as viewed in Fig. 4.

I claim as my invention:

1. A thermo-responsive valve unit, including: a casing member; a bearing bushing threaded into one end of said casing, the other end of said casing having a bearing aligned with said bearing bushing; a valve stem slidabl mounted in said bushing; a valve head slidably mounted on said valve stem; Spring means having efiective reaction with said valve head, and at least under some operating conditions with said bearing bushing, to permit said head to yield to excess pressure;'a theme-responsive element including a chambered head portion and a hollow sleeve portion slidably mounted in said bearing, said head portion being associated with said valve stem to transmit valve opening movement thereto; a piston pin slidably mounted in said sleeve, and adapted to receive movement from the expansion of an expansible medium within said chambered head; and abutment means against which the opposite ends of said piston engages so that said expansion movement will cause the thermo-responsive element to move bodily against said valve stem.

2. A thermo-responsive valve unit, comprising: a casing member; a bearing bushing threaded into one end of said casing, the other end of said casingv having a bearing aligned with said bearing bushing; a valve stem slidably mounted in said bushing; a valve head siidably mounted on said stem; stop means on said stem limiting outward movement of said head; a thermo-responsive element including a chambered head portion and a hollow sleeve portion slidably mounted insaid bearing, said head portion being associated with said valve stem to transmit movement thereto; a pin slidably mounted in said sleeve and adapted to receive movement from the expansion of an expansible medium within said chambered head; abutment means against which the opposite end of said pin engages so that said expansion movement will cause the thermo-responsive element to move bodily away from said pin; and yieldable means between said valve head and said bearing bushing yieldably urging said valve head towards the stop means on said stem.

3. In a thermo-responsive valve unit: a cylindrical casing internally threaded adiacent one end; an externally threaded bearing bushing threadably received in the threaded portion of the casing; a valve rod having an enlarged head portion slidable in the bearing bushing and adapted to move axially therein; a valve head slidable on the valve rod; stop means limiting outward movement of said head; a spring retainer on the valve rod adjacent the head thereof; spring means reacting between said spring retainer and valve head; and thermo-responsive means within the casing for actuating the valve rod.

. 4. In a thermo-responsive valve unit: a casing having a threaded portion; a bearing bushing threadably connected with the threaded portion of the casing; a valve rod having an enlarged head portion slidable in said bearing bushing; a valve head slidable on the valve rod; stop means limiting outward movement of said head on the valve rod; a spring retainer on the valve rod ad- Jacent the head thereof; spring means reacting between said spring retainer and valve head; and thermo-responsive means in said casing for actuating the valve rod.

5. In a thermo-responsive valve unit: a casing; valve means, including a valve head; thermoresponsive means within said casing having an operable connection with said valve means for actuating same; a spring means for urging the valve means in one direction; spring means for urging the thermo-responsive means in a direction opposite the direction the valve means is urged by the first mentioned spring, said springs being in substantially axial alignment; and a bushing adjustable with respect to said casing, said bushing being disposed between said spring means for varying their effective force respectively on the valve means and the thermo-responsive means.

6. In a thermo-responsive valve unit: acasing having a threaded portion; a bearing bushing threadably connected with the threaded portion of the casing; a valve rod having an enlarged head portion slidable in said bearing-bushing; a valve head slidable on the valve rod; adjustable stop means limiting outward movement of said head on the valve rod; a spring retainer on the valve rod adjacent the head thereof; spring means reacting between said spring retainer and valve head; and thermo-responsive means in said casing for actuating the valve rod.

RAYMOND W. JENSEN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,644,786 Mallory Oct. 11, 1927 1,992,796 Young Feb. 26, 1935 2,353,577 Magrum Jul 11, 1944 2,359,448 Shaw Oct. 3, 1944 2,368,181 Vernet Jan. 30, 1945 2,379,109 Shaw June 26, 1945 2,400,615 Warrick May 21, 1946 2,419,630 Cruzan Apr. 29, 1947 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 27,818 Great Britain 1911 

